วันอังคารที่ 17 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2556

Africa's super telescopes 'will inspire science boom'

(CNN) -- Under a clear night sky on a rocky arid outcrop, South African astronomers are waiting for the stars to come out and play.
Sightings of faraway galaxies, black holes and the Milky Way are just part of the job for the starwatchers at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO).
"The site is in an ideal location because there is very little light pollution so the skies are extremely dark," said Nicola Loaring, an astronomer at SAAO. "We don't get extreme seasons here, so it's good conditions for our research all year round."
Based in Sutherland -- a four-hour drive from Cape Town -- the observatory is home to one of the largest single optical telescopes in the world and is symbolic of South Africa's growing commitment to astronomy.
The appropriately named South African Large Telescope is the jewel of the observatory, capable of detecting a candle flame as far away as the moon and light a billion times too faint to be seen by the naked eye, according to SAAO's astronomers.
Read more: Tech cities and mega dams: Africa's giant infrastructure projects
Loaring said: "(SALT) is used to study a range of astronomical objects from asteroids to exoplanets, which are planets orbiting other suns."
The telescope is funded by a consortium including South Africa, the United States, Germany, Poland, India, the United Kingdom and New Zealand.
In 1996, the South African government, under the leadership of the late Nelson Mandela, identified astronomy as a key area for investment.
Experiment sheds light on dark matter
In a white paper, lawmakers recognized that if South Africa failed to invest in "flagship sciences" then the country would be viewed as a "second-class" nation "chained forever" to the need for food and clothing.
Telescope price tag is astronomical
Kevin Govender, director of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Development, said that through investment in science and technology, the government can help tackle some of South Africa's social problems.
Read more: Will 'world's biggest' hydro power project light up Africa?
The search for life in outer space
Last year, the government, led by President Jacob Zuma, announced it would invest 200 million rand (around $20 million) in astronomy training over the next five years.
Govender added: "The target that we have is to spend 1% of GDP on science and technology. We haven't reached that yet."



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